Lt. George E. Dixon, CSA, Commanding Lieutenant George E. Dixon,
commander of the submarine, H.L. Hunley during it's final expedition
against the USS Housatonic, was never commissioned in the Confederate
Navy, and remained a member of company E of the 21st Alabama Volunteers.
He was a Kentuckian by birth (although a resident of Mobile), and an
engineer by profession. This engineering knowledge served him well when he
volunteered for command of the Hunley. Although one source indicates that
his crew in the final expedition of the Hunley were also members of his
company, the Naval Official Records indicates that five of these men were
actually sailors from the Confederate States Navy, and one from
Confederate artillery service.
Cpl. C.F. Carlson, CSA newly assigned second in command, member of the
German Light Artillery, Captain Wagener's (South Carolina) company of
artillery.
James A. Wicks, CSN,boatswain's mate
Arnold Becker, CSN, seaman
Fred Collins, CSN aka Seaman Frank J. Collins
C. F. Simpkins, CSN -C. Simkins, CSS H.L. Hunley, died February 17,
1864, when that vessel attacked the USS Housatonic, off Charleston, South
Carolina. [ORN 1, 15, 337.]
Seaman Joseph Ridgeway, CSN, seaman, CSS H.L. Hunley, died February 17,
1864, when that vessel attacked the USS Housatonic, off Charleston, South
Carolina. [ORN 1, 15, 337.]
The following are unknown names that will be solved when completion of
the identification process by forensic scientist.
___ White
___ Miller (Miller or White could be James Hayes or crewman wearing
Chamberlin medallion)
Second in command Lt. William Alexander was no longer in the Charleston
Area
_________________________________________________________
Letter from Captain Gray, C. S. Army, to Major-General Maury, C. S.
Army, regarding the loss of the H. L. Hunley and her crew.
OFFICE SUBMARINE DEFENSES,
Charleston, S. C., April 29, 1864.
GENERAL: In answer to a communication of yours, received through
headquarters, relative to Lieutenant Dixon and crew, I beg leave to state
that I was not informed as to the service in which Lieutenant Dixon was
engaged or under what orders he was acting. I am informed that he
requested Commodore Tucker to furnish him some men, which he did. Their
names are as follows, viz: Arnold Becker, C. Simkins, James A. Wicks, F.
Collins, and ---- Ridgeway, all of the Navy, and Corporal C. F. Carlsen,
of Captain Wagener's company of artillery.
The United States sloop of war was attacked and destroyed on the night
of the 17th of February. Since that time no information has been received
of either the boat or crew. I am of the opinion that, the torpedoes being
placed at the bow of the boat, she went into the hole made in the
Housatonic by explosion of torpedoes and did not have sufficient power to
back out, consequently sunk with her.
I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,
M. M. GRAY,
Captain in Charge of Torpedoes.
Major-General DABNEY H. MAURY,
Mobile, Ala.
_________________________________________________________________
Report of Lieutenant Higginson, U. S. Navy, of the U. S. S.
Canandaigua.
U. S. S. CANANDAIGUA,
Off Charleston, S. C., February 18, 1864.
Sir: I have the honor to make the following report of the sinking of
the U. S. S. Housatonic, by a rebel torpedo off Charleston, S. C., on the
evening of the 17th instant:
About 8:45 p.m. the officer of the deck, Acting Master J. K. Crosby,
discovered something in the water about 100 yards from and moving toward
the ship. It had the appearance of a plank moving in the water. It came
directly toward the ship, the time from when it was first seen till it was
close alongside being about two minutes.
During this time the chain was slipped, engine backed, and all hands
called to quarters.
The torpedo struck the ship forward of the mizzenmast, on the starboard
side, in a line with the magazine. Having the after pivot gun pivoted to
port we were unable to bring a gun to bear upon her.
About one minute after she was close alongside the explosion took
place, the ship sinking stern first and heeling to port as she sank.
Most of the crew saved themselves by going into the rigging, while a
boat was dispatched to the Canandaigua. This vessel came gallantly to our
assistance and succeeded in rescuing all but the following-named officers
and men, viz, Ensign E. C. Hazeltine, Captain's Clerk C. O. Muzzey,
Quartermaster John Williams, Landsman Theodore Parker, Second-Class
Fireman John Walsh.
The above officers and men are missing and are supposed to have been
drowned.
Captain Pickering was seriously bruised by the explosion and is at
present unable to make a report of the disaster.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
F. J. HIGGINSON,
Lieutenant.
Rear-Admiral JOHN A. DAHLGREN,
Commanding South Atlantic Blockading Squadron.
________________________________________________________
A court of enquiry was held to determine what happened that night.
. Proceedings of a court of enquiry convened on board the U. S. S.
Wabash, February 26, 1864.
U. S. STEAM FRIGATE WABASH, March 7, 1864.
The testimony having been closed, the court was cleared for
deliberation, and after maturely considering the evidence adduced, find
the following facts established:
First. That the U. S. S. Housatonic was blown up and sunk by a rebel
torpedo craft on the night of February 17 last, about 9 o'clock p.m.,
while lying at an anchor in 27 feet of water off Charleston, S. C.,
bearing E. S. E., and distant from Fort Sumter about 5½ miles. The weather
at the time of the occurrence was clear, the night bright and moonlight,
wind moderate from the northward and westward, sea smooth and tide half
ebb, the ship's head about W. N. W.
Second. That between 8:45 and 9 o'clock p.m. on said night an object in
the water was discovered almost simultaneously by the officer of the deck
and the lookout stationed at the starboard cathead, On the starboard bow
of the ship, about 75 or 100 yards distant, having the appearance of a
log. That on further and closer observation it presented a suspicious
appearance, moved apparently with a speed of 3 or 4 knots in the direction
of the starboard quarter of the ship, exhibiting two protuberances above
and making a slight ripple in the water.
Third. That the strange object approached the ship with a rapidity
precluding a gun of the battery being brought to bear upon it, and finally
came in contact with the ship on her starboard quarter.
Fourth. That about one and a half minutes after the first discovery of
the strange object the crew were called to quarters, the cable slipped,
and the engine backed.
Fifth. That an explosion occurred about three minutes after the first
discovery of the object, which blew up the after part of the ship, causing
her to sink immediately after to the bottom, with her spar deck submerged.
Sixth. That several shots from small arms were fired at the object
while it was alongside or near the ship before the explosion occurred.
Seventh. That the watch on deck, ship, and ship's battery were in all
respects prepared for a sudden offensive or defensive movement; that
lookouts were properly stationed and vigilance observed, and that officers
and crew promptly assembled at their quarters.
Eighth. That order was preserved on board, and orders promptly obeyed
by officers and crew up to the time of the sinking of the ship.
In view of the above facts the court have to express the opinion that
no further military proceedings are necessary.
J. F. GREEN,
Captain and President.
JAS. B. YOUNG,
Second Lieutenant, U. S. Marines, Judge-Advocate.
Forwarded for the information of the Navy Department by,
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. C. ROWAN,
Captain, Commanding South Atlantic Blockading Squadron.
________________________________________________
Names of the 5 Crewman lost on the USS Housatonic
Report of Captain Green, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Canandaigua.
U. S. S. CANANDAIGUA,
Off Charleston, S. C., February 18, 1864.
SIR: I have respectfully to report that a boat belonging to the
Housatonic reached this ship last night at about 9:20, giving me
information that that vessel had been sunk at 8:45 p.m. by a rebel torpedo
craft.
I immediately slipped our cable and started for her anchorage, and on
arriving near it, at 9:35, discovered her sunk with her hammock nettings
under water; dispatched all boats and rescued from the wreck 21 officers
and 129 men.
There are missing, and supposed to be drowned, the following-named
officers and men:
Ensign Edward C. Hazeltine, Captain's Clerk Charles O. Muzzey,
Quartermaster John Williams, Second-Class Fireman John Walsh, Landsman
Theodore Parker.
Captain Pickering is very much, but not dangerously, bruised, and one
man is slightly bruised.
I have transferred to the Wabash 8 of her officers and 49 men, on the
account of the limited accommodations on board of this vessel.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. F. GREEN,
Captain.
Commodore S. C. ROWAN,
Commanding Officer off Charleston, S. C.
Report of Captain Rowan, U. S. Navy, transmitting report of Captain
Green, U. S. Navy, commanding U. S. S. Canandaigua.
U. S. S. NEW IRONSIDES,
Off Morris Island, February 18, 1864.
SIR: I dispatch the Paul Jones with information of the loss of the U.
S. S. Housatonic, which was sunk by a "David" torpedo last night about
9:30 o'clock.
As soon as the signal was made from the Canandaigua, "Assistance, in
want of," Lieutenant-Commander Belknap went out in a tug.
I enclose Captain Green's report.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
S. C. ROWAN,
Captain and Senior Officer, off Charleston.
Rear-Admiral JNO. A. DAHLGREN,
Commanding South Atlantic Blockading Squadron.
______________________________________________________
Report of Rear-Admiral Dahlgren, U. S. Navy.
No. 69.]
FLAG-STEAMER PHILADELPHIA,
Port Royal Harbor, S., C. February 19, 1864.
SIR: I much regret to inform the Department that the U. S. S.
Housatonic, on the blockade off Charleston, S. C., was torpedoed by a
rebel "David' and sunk on the night of the 17th February about 9 o'clock.
From the time the "David" was seen until the vessel was on the bottom a
very brief period must have elapsed; so far as the executive officer
(Lieutenant Higginson) can judge, and he is the only officer of the
Housatonic whom I have seen, it did not exceed five or seven minutes.
The officer of the deck perceived a moving object on the water quite
near and ordered the chain to be slipped; the captain and executive
officer went on deck, saw the object and each fired at it with a small
arm. In an instant the ship was struck on the starboard side, between the
main and mizzen masts; those on deck near were stunned, the vessel begun
to sink, and went down almost immediately. Happily the loss of life was
small: Ensign E. C. Hazeltine, Captain's Clerk C. O. Muzzey, and three of
the crew, Quartermaster John Williams, Second-Class Fireman John Walsh,
and Landsman Theodore Parker.
Two boats of the Housatonic were lowered and received all they could
hold; the Canandaigua, which knew nothing of the catastrophe, sent her
boats immediately on hearing of it, and took off the crew, who had
ascended into the rigging.
JNO. A. DAHLGREN,
Rear-Admiral, Comdg. South Atlantic Blockdg. Squadron.
Hon. GIDEON WELLES,
Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C.
_______________________________________________
-----
Report of Captain Green, U. S. Navy, regarding an examination of the
wreck of the sunken vessel.
U. S. S. CANANDAIGUA,
Off Charleston, S. C., February 20, 1864.
SIR: I have examined the wreck of the Housatonic this morning and find
her spar deck about 15 feet below the surface of the water. The after part
of her spar deck appears to have been entirely blown off.
Her guns, etc., on the spar deck, and probably a good many articles
below deck, can, in my opinion, be recovered by the employment for the
purpose of the derrick boat and divers.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. F. GREEN,
Captain.
Commodore S. C. ROWAN,
Commanding Officer Present off Charleston, S. C.
_________________________________________________
[Telegram.]
BALTIMORE, March 2, 1864.
The torpedo boat "David," that sunk the Housatonic, undoubtedly sank at
the time of the concussion, with all hands. How the Housatonic was sunk
was not known at Charleston until the 27th, when the prisoners, captured
in a picket boat, divulged them the facts.
C. C. FULTON.
Hon. G. V. FOX,
Navy Department.
_________________________________________________
Abstract log of the U. S. S. Canandaigua, Captain Green, U. S. Navy,
commanding.
February 17, 1864.--Bearings of vessels at sundown: Wabash, S. E.; Mary
Sanford, N. N. E.; Housatonic, N. N. E. ¾ E.; Paul Jones, N. N. E. At 9:20
p.m. discovered a boat pulling toward us. Hailed her and found her to be
from the Housatonic. She reported the Housatonic sunk by a torpedo.
Immediately slipped our chain and started for the scene of danger, with
the Housatonic's boat in tow. At the same time sent up three rockets and
burned Coston signals No. 82 and soon after burned 82 again. At 9:30 p.m.
picked up another boat from the Housatonic, with Captain Pickering on
board. At 9:35 arrived at the Housatonic and found her sunk. Lowered all
boats, sent them alongside, and rescued the officers and crew, clinging to
the rigging. At 10:30 all were brought from the wreck. Brought on board of
this ship, belonging to the Housatonic, 21 officers and 137 men. At 11:30
stood toward the Wabash, to the southward and westward. Made signal to the
Mary Sanford. The tug Daffodil, from inside the bar, communicated with us,
Lieutenant-Commander Belknap on board. At 12 communicated with the Wabash
and sent on board of her 8 officers and 49 men belonging to the
Housatonic.
February 18.--At 12:40 a.m. Lieutenant-Commander Belknap left the ship
and went inside the bar in the tug Daffodil. Clear and moonlight till 3:30
a.m., when the moon went down. At 6 a.m. picked up one of the Housatonic's
launches, sent it inside the bar in tow of the tug. At 7:45 steamed by the
Housatonic and at 8 a.m. let go our anchor near our old station in 5
fathoms water, Sumter bearing N. W. W. and Breach Inlet N. N. W.
February 20.--At 8:15 a.m. came to with the port anchor near the
Housatonic's wreck, in 5 fathoms. Sent boats to the Housatonic to wreck
her.
February 22.--At 1 p.m. sent on board the tug Jonquil to take to the
John Adams 40 men lately belonging to the Housatonic.
________________________________________________
Report of Rear-Admiral Dahlgren, U. S. Navy, transmitting report
regarding the condition of the wrecks.
No. 581.]
FLAG-STEAMER PHILADELPHIA,
Port Royal Harbor, November 28, 1864.
SIR: I transmit herewith a report of the squadron diver in relation to
the wrecks of the Housatonic and some blockade runners which were driven
ashore at different times by the vessels of the blockade.
It is to be presumed that all perishable articles are now valueless;
the metallic parts will be recovered whenever the services of the divers
can be spared from the vessels in service.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. A. DAHLGREN,
Rear-Admiral, Comdg. South Atlantic Blockading Squadron.
Hon. GIDEON WELLES,
Secretary of the Navy.
____________________________________________________
U. S. SCHOONER G. W. BLUNT,
Port Royal Harbor, S. C., November 27, 1864.
SIR: After a careful examination of the wrecks of the sunken blockade
runners and Housatonic, I have the honor to make the following report:
I find that the wrecks of the blockade runners are so badly broken up
as to be worthless. The Housatonic is very much worm-eaten, as I find from
pieces which have been brought up. She is in an upright position; has
settled in the sand about 5 feet, forming a bank of mud and sand around
her bed; the mud has collected in her in small quantities. The cabin is
completely demolished, as are also all the bulkheads abaft the mainmast;
the coal is scattered about her lower decks in heaps, as well as muskets,
small arms, and quantities of rubbish.
I tried to find the magazine, but the weather has been so unfavorable
and the swell so great that it was not safe to keep a diver in the wreck.
I took advantage of all the good weather that I had, and examined as much
as was possible.
The propeller is in an upright position; the shaft appears to be
broken. The rudderpost and rudder have been partly blown off; the upper
parts of both are in their proper places, while the lower parts have been
forced aft. The stern frame rests upon the rudderpost and propeller; any
part of it can be easily slung with chain slings, and a powerful steamer
can detach each part.
I have also caused the bottom to be dragged for an area of 500 yards
around the wreck, finding nothing of the torpedo boat. On the 24th the
drag ropes caught something heavy (as I reported). On sending a diver down
to examine it, proved to be a quantity of rubbish. The examination being
completed, I could accomplish nothing further, unless it is the intention
to raise the wreck or propeller, in which case it will be necessary to
have more machinery.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. L. CHURCHILL,
Acting Volunteer Lieutenant, Commanding.
Rear-Admiral J. A. DAHLGREN,
Commanding South Atlantic Blockading Squadron.
_____________________________________________________
The Southern forces in Charleston were not fully aware of what had
happened the night of February 17, 1864.
_____________________________________________________
Report of Lieutenant-Colonel Dantzler, C. S. Army.
HEADQUARTERS BATTERY MARSHALL,
Sullivan's Island, February 19, 1864.
LIEUTENANT: I have the honor to report that the torpedo boat stationed
at this post went out on the night of the 17th instant (Wednesday) and has
not yet returned. The signals agreed upon to be given in case the boat
wished a light to be exposed at this post as a guide for its return were
observed and answered. An earlier report would have been made of this
matter, but the officer of the day for yesterday was under the impression
that the boat had returned, and so informed me. As soon as I became
apprised of the fact I sent a telegram to Captain Nance, assistant
adjutant-general, notifying him of it.
Very respectfully,
O. M. DANTZLER,
Lieutenant-Colonel.
Lieutenant JOHN A. WILSON,
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General.
____________________________________________________
[Telegram.]
CHARLESTON, S. C., February 21, 1864.
GENERAL: A gunboat sunken off Battery Marshall. Supposed to have been
done by Mobile torpedo boat, under Lieutenant George E. Dixon, Company E,
Twenty-first Alabama Volunteers, which went out for that purpose, and
which I regret to say has not been heard of since.
G. T. BEAUREGARD.
_____________________________________________________
[Telegram.]
CHARLESTON, S. C., February 27, 1864.
Prisoners report that it was the U. S. ship of war Housatonic, 12 guns,
which was sunk on night 17th instant by the submarine torpedo boat,
Lieutenant Dixon, of Alabama, commanding. There is little hope of safety
of that brave man and his associates, however, as they were not captured.
G. T. BEAUREGARD,
General, Commanding.
General S. COOPER,
Adjutant and Inspector-General, U. S. Army, Richmond, Va.
____________________________________________________________
[Extract from Charleston Daily Courier, February 29, 1864.]
On Friday night about half past 9 o'clock one of our naval picket
boats, under command of Boatswain J. M. Smith, captured a Yankee picket
boat off Fort Sumter containing 1 commissioned officer and 5 men. A large
barge, which was in company with the captured boat, managed to escape. The
officer taken prisoner is Midshipman William H. Kitching, acting master's
mate of the United States blockading steamer Nipsic. The rest of the
prisoners are landsmen.
By the prisoners we learn that the blockader sunk by our torpedo boat
on the night of the 16th instant was the United States steam sloop of war
Housatonic, carrying 12 guns and a crew of 300 men. They state that the
torpedo boat, cigar shape, was first seen approaching by the watch on
board the Housatonic. The alarm was given, and immediately all hands beat
to quarters. A rapid musketry fire was opened upon the boat, but without
effect. Being unable to depress their guns, the order was given to slip
the cable. In doing this, the Housatonic backed some distance and came in
collision with the cigar boat. The torpedo exploded almost immediately,
carrying away the whole stern of the vessel. The steamer sunk in three
minutes' time, the officers and crew barely escaping to the rigging.
Everything else on board--guns, stores, ammunition, etc., together with
the small boats--went down with her. The explosion made no noise and the
affair was not known among the fleet until daybreak, when the crew was
discovered and released from their uneasy positions. They had remained
there all night. Two officers and three men are reported missing and
supposed to be drowned. The loss of the Housatonic caused great
consternation in the fleet. All the wooden vessels are ordered to keep up
steam and go out to sea every night, not being allowed to anchor inside.
The picket boats have been doubled and the force in each boat, increased.
This glorious success of our little torpedo boat, under the command of
Lieutenant Dixon, of Mobile, has raised the hopes of our people, and the
most sanguine expectations are now entertained of our being able to raise
the siege in a way little dreamed of by the enemy. The capture of the
picket boat reflects great credit on the gallant boatswain in charge of
our barge, as well as on the unceasing vigilance and energy of Lieutenant
J. H. Rochelle, commanding the naval picket detachment on board the Indian
Chief. He has watched the operations of these picket intruders for some
time past, and planned the movements for taking some of them in out of the
wet.
Letter from General Beauregard, C. S. Army, to Mr. Leary, announcing
the probable loss of the torpedo boat H. L. Hunley and her commanding
officer.
HEADQUARTERS, ETC., March 10, 1864.
SIR: I am directed by the commanding general to inform you that it was
the torpedo boat H. L. Hunley that destroyed the Federal man-of-war
Housatonic, and that Lieutenant Dixon commanded the expedition, but I
regret to say that nothing since has been heard either of Lieutenant Dixon
or the torpedo boat. It is therefore feared that that gallant officer and
his brave companions have perished.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
H. W. FELDEN,
Captain and Assistant Adjutant-General.
H. J. LEARY, Esq.,
Marietta, Ga.
3) Introduction to Chart Navigation – Co-ordinates of the
Hunley and
Housatonic
There has been much discussion on what happened to the Confederate
Submarine H L Hunley on the night of February 17, 1864. The positioning of
the USS Canandaigua, the USS Housatonic and the Hunley is crucial to help
in solving the mysteries. We know from witness testimony before a board of
Inquiry 9 days after the sinking of the Housatonic convened on board the
U. S. S. Wabash, February 26, 1864 brought out certain facts. The “blue
light” signal was seen by Seaman Flemming who stated “When the
‘Canandaigua’ got astern, and was lying athwart, of the ‘Housatonic’,
about four ship lengths off, while I was in the fore rigging, I saw a blue
light on the water just ahead of the “Canandaigua’ and on the starboard
quarter of the ‘Housatonic’”. Headquarters at Battery Marshall stated “The
signals agreed upon to be given in case the boat wished a light to be
exposed at this post as a guide for its return were observed and
answered.” We know that the Housatonic was 207’ long so Fleming estimated
seeing the blue light about 4 ship lengths or 260 yards off toward Breech
Inlet. Two boats of the Housatonic drifted free and crew members were able
to board them. From the log book of the USS Canandaigua we know that a
life boat was seen coming toward them at 9:20 and another one was picked
up at 9:30. The Canandaigua says they arrived near the Housatonic at 9:35.
So we know that the HUNLEY only traveled somewhere between 250 and 350
yards. The Canandaigua, which knew nothing of the catastrophe, sent her
boats immediately on hearing of it, and took off the crew, who had
ascended into the rigging. JNO. A. DAHLGREN,
Rear-Admiral, Comdg. South Atlantic Blockdg. Squadron.
Latitude and Longitude
Introduction to Chart Navigation for
“THE CHARLESTON HARBOR CIVIL WAR BATTLE MAP”
The available navigational information and data used to develop this
graphical chart, to position shipwrecks and general battle areas is far
more accurately presented than the navigational means available to the
subject matter of the chart.
All locations on Planet Earth can be described by two numbers--its
latitude and its longitude. If a ship's captain wants to specify a
position on a map, these are the "coordinates" they would use. Knowledge
of the harbor and its history with its unchanging landmarks and recent
verifications of facts assisted by the availability of information on the
internet made this map possible.
The technical aspects go back to the basics. There are two angles,
measured in degrees, "minutes of arc" and "seconds of arc." These are
denoted by the symbols (°,',") e.g. 32° 43' 9"N " means an angle of 32
degrees, 43 minutes and 9 seconds (do not confuse this with the notation
(', ") for feet and inches!). A degree contains 60 minutes of arc and a
minute contains 60 seconds of arc.
DEFINITIONS:
Latitude - Measurement of distance in degrees north or south of the
Equator; from the Latin latus, meaning "wide". Lateral
Longitude - Measurement of distance in degrees east or west of the
prime meridian; from the Latin longus, meaning "length". Long
Symbols: ° Degrees ' Minutes "Seconds
How To Convert a Decimal to Sexagesimal (Based on the number 60)
You'll often find degrees given in decimal degrees (121.135°) instead
of the more common degrees, minutes, and seconds (121°8'6"). However, it's
easy to convert from a decimal to the sexagesimal system.
Here's How:
1. The whole units of degrees will remain the same (i.e. in 121.135°
longitude, start with 121°).
2. Multiply the decimal by 60 (i.e. .135 * 60 = 8.1).
3. The whole number becomes the minutes (8').
4. Take the remaining decimal and multiply by 60. (i.e. .1 * 60 = 6).
5. The resulting number becomes the seconds (6"). Seconds can remain as
a decimal.
6. Take your three sets of numbers and put them together, using the
symbols for degrees (°), minutes (‘), and seconds (") (i.e. 121°8'6"
longitude)
longitude and latitudes have been divided into degrees, minutes (') and
seconds (").
There are 60 minutes in each degree. Each minute is divided into 60
seconds. Seconds can be further divided into tenths, hundredths, or even
thousandths.
Latitude Longitude Conversion
The number a NORTH latitude. So 32.71909722° = 32.71909722° N.
Break up the 32.71909722° into 32° + 0. 71909722°. So the number of
whole degrees is 32°.
Multiply the remaining 0. 71909722° by 60 to get the number of minutes:
0. 71909722 x 60 =43.145832 minutes (43.145832 ').
Break up the 43.145832 ' into 43' + 0.145832 '. So the number of whole
minutes is 43'.
Multiply the remaining 0.145832' by 60 to get the number of seconds:
0.145832 x 60 = 8.74992 seconds (8.74992").
Round off: 8.74992 seconds becomes 08.75 seconds.
So, the latitude is 32° 43' 08.75" NORTH latitude.
Degrees, Minutes and Seconds - DD° MM' SS.S"
32° 43' 08.75"N This is the most common format used to mark maps. It's
a lot like telling time…
There are sixty seconds in a minute (60" = 1') and
There are sixty minutes in a degree (60' = 1°).
The Charleston Harbor Civil War Battle map is taken from the format
used by Navigational charts. The minutes are divided into tenths of a
minute giving each mark a value of 6 seconds.
Keeping in mind a few easy conversions between seconds and decimal
minutes will help when working with maps that use degrees, minutes and
seconds.
15 seconds is one quarter of a minute or 0.25 minutes
30 seconds is one half of a minute or 0.5 minutes
45 seconds is three quarters of a minute or 0.75 minutes
Degrees and Decimal Minutes - DD° MM.MMM' 32° 18.385' N 122° 36.875' W
This is the format most commonly used when working with electronic
navigation equipment.
Decimal Degrees the format most computer based mapping systems display
DD.DDDDD° 32.30642° N 122.61458° W or +32.30642, -122.61458
The basic unit of latitude and longitude is the degree and subdivisions
of a degree. NOAA will also use a decimal point, such as 32.789°N referred
to as decimal degrees on their Chart of Obstructions. Decimal degrees are
an option on Global Position Systems (GPS) or with online topographic
maps, but decimal degrees are not used on printed maps. On these
topographic maps the latitude and longitude units are expressed in
degrees, minutes, and seconds. Each degree is subdivided into 60
minutes('). Each minute is divided into 60 seconds(''). The Seconds are
tick marked and divide the minutes into 10 parts giving each mark a value
of 6 seconds (“)
Charleston Harbor Civil War Battle map
The numbers across the top (North) and bottom (South) of the map are
longitudes, the side numbers designate latitudes.
The cut-out section of the map below shows the Longitude in minutes at
the top of the map, the Degrees run from 79°43’ 30” to 80° (not shown)
on the right of the map is 32°, latitude (not shown) only the minutes
are showing.
Note: that latitude and longitude is only shown on the full version of
the map. Along the edges of the map excerpt only the minutes are written.
The map reader must realize that 43' latitude on this map is actually
32° 43', because 43' lies in between 32° and 33°.
Remember: Latitude and Longitude is used to give the location of points
on the map.

The cut-out map covers the latitudes between 32° 42’ to 32° 47’. CUT
OUT SECTION OF “CHARLESTON HARBOR CIVIL WAR BATTLE MAP”
SAMPLE PLOTTINGS AND
COORDINATES
|
POINT |
Latitude
|
Longitude
|
Explanation for Plotting Locations
|
|
USS HOUSATONIC
|
|
Housatonic
is actually shown further south
for clarity and was actually much closer to the Hunley. |
|
NOAA – |
32° 43' 08.75"N |
79° 46' 34.74"W |
Record #515 |
|
Guide to Sunken Ships – 1865 |
32° 43.1' N |
79° 46.5' W |
*(Several Hundred yards off due to
error
in time differential between celestial time and Greenwich time) |
|
NUMA |
32° 43' 08”N |
79° 46' 43”W |
Record #515 |
|
**Cussler Notes - 1987 |
32 43' 07" N
|
79 48' 17" W
|
**This is almost 2 miles off course |
|
HUNLEY |
32° 43' 12"N |
79° 46' 30"W |
Position scaled from “Charleston
Harbor Civil War Battle Map” |
|
Some reports state that Housatonic was
well within 650 feet of the Housatonic. Map Excerpt is the upper
right corner of the Charleston Harbor Civil War Battle Map so
its coordinates are shown only in minutes. You can determine where you
are approximately by which direction the numbers for latitude and
longitude increase. Latitude increase going north on this map so we
are in the northern hemisphere. Longitude increases going to the
west, so this map is located west of the Prime Meridian.
*Treasures of the Confederate Coast: The
“Real Rhett Butler” & Other Revelations by E. Lee Spence **www.numa.net/history/projects1-4/project4.htm
|
4) THE HUNLEY NEWSLETTERS 2002 E-BOOK
FOR ALL THOSE SUBSCRIBERS THAT HAVE SIGNED UP RECENTLY OR THOSE THAT
SIGNED UP MID YEAR AND MISSED THE EARLY ISSUES THEY ARE NOW AVAILABLE IN E-BOOK FORM ONLINE FOR $6.00. WE PUT A LOT OF TIME AND EFFORT COMPILING
THESE ISSUES IN BOOK FORM WHICH CAME OUT TO AROUND 200 PAGES OF
INFORMATION.
When I looked back over the year there was a lot of good stuff that
came out in the year 2002 and I think this book is well worth it. I also
negotiated with the HUNLEYSTORE.COM so that anyone who purchases the book
also gets a $6.00 gift certificate that can be used toward the purchase of
anything they carry. But remember IF EVER YOU DO NOT GET YOUR NEWSLETTER
EVERY OTHER FRIDAY JUST LET ME KNOW AND I WILL SEND IT INDIVIDUALLY FREE.
To order the Hunley 2002 E-Book click here.
5) EMAIL
____________________________________________________________________
-----Original Message-----
From: GSKsoftballMom@
Sent: Wednesday, January 29, 2003 11:20 PM
To: George@thehunley.com
Subject: Re: Hunley newsletter #26
My husband & I are interested in seeing the Hunley. Can you send me
info. on how and where to go from Tuscaloosa, Alabama?
These two links should give you what you need…..just remember the tours
are only open on the weekends. If more information is needed just give the
Friends of the Hunley, Inc. a call direct or write me back. Thanks for
your interest and stay in touch.
Thank you for a well researched and written newsletter. I enjoyed very
much your article regarding the "Devil" and anti-torpedo rafts from this
issue. Approximately 10 years ago, strong winds and tides uncovered such a
raft as detailed in this article on Mustang Island, near Corpus Christi,
TX. I was involved, along with the local historical society in digging to
uncover this and document it. The remains here look exactly like those
photographs shown in your newsletter. Unfortunately, funds were not
available for recovery and more research here. I believe that this was one
of the three "rafts" that your article described being found (one in
Bermuda, one in Charleston, and the other here in Corpus Christi?).
Anyway, wanted to contribute this bit of information.
Thanks again for a great website.
From: George W. Penington
- Ya’ll have a lot of great history down there. If you are ever in
Charleston let me know and I will take you out to meet “The Devil” in
person. I will include this in the coming newsletter. I am always looking
for contributions to the letter so if you come up with anything else send
it on. Sincerely
George W. Penington